This assay employs the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique for the quantitative detection of human CCL4/MIP-1β. The Human CCL4/MIP-1β ELISA is for research use only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins (MIP) belong to the family of chemotactic cytokines known as chemokines. In humans, there are two major forms, MIP-1α and MIP-1β that are now officially named CCL3 and CCL4, respectively. CCL4, also known as Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) is a CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 receptors. It is a chemoattractant for natural killer cells, monocytes and a variety of other immune cells. CCL4 is a major HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T cells.Perforin-low memory CD8+ T cells that normally synthesize CCL4. The cDNAs for human CCL4 encode precursor proteins with a 23 amino acid residue signal peptide that is cleaved to generate the 69 amino acid residue, non-glycosylated mature protein. CCL4 was reported to be twenty-fold less active than CCL3 on the same cell populations. Chemokine activities are mediated by G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane domain receptors . The β chemokine receptor designated CC chemokine receptor-1 (CC CKR-1), alternately named CCL3/RANTES receptor, has been shown to bind CCL3, RANTES, CCL4 and MCP-1 with varying affinities .

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